High Commissioner Michelle Bachelet Credits: UN Photo / Jean-Marc Ferré
High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet conducted a rare visit to Guangzhou, and the cities of Urumqi and Kashgar in the Uyghur region, as leaked 'Xinjiang Police Files' provide new evidence of high-level acquiescence in Beijing's repression against Uyghurs. Her visit was regrettably marked by the absence of strong public diplomacy and concrete steps towards a regular monitoring of China's human rights situation.
Bachelet’s Guangzhou statement concludes her failed visit to China, the first by a UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to the country in 17 years. Her failure to adequately address the human rights crisis in the country following her 6-day trip comes despite overwhelming evidence gathered by non-governmental organisations and UN experts from the Special Procedures[1] and Treaty Bodies[2] detailing grave human rights violations that could amount to crimes against humanity and genocide.
Bachelet missed a unique opportunity to lay the groundwork for independent international monitoring of China's human rights crisis. Her speech evidenced a lack of understanding of the country's human rights challenges despite significant evidence gathered by her Office.Raphael Viana David, ISHR's Acting Asia Programme Manager
Despite the joint call from over 60 Uyghur, Tibetan, Hong Kong, mainland Chinese and international NGOs, High Commissioner Bachelet indicated her visit was not an investigation, but an opportunity to ‘listen to each other, raise concerns.’ Her statement lists broad concerns in a remarkably light language. She reported being ‘unable to assess the full scale’ of internment camps – for which she used the government’s term of ‘vocational and education training centre’ – and relayed Beijing’s assertion that this system has been ‘dismantled’ without stating whether she was given any evidence of this.
Her statement includes her first-ever mention of Tibet, only to say she ‘discussed education policies’ with the authorities, with no clear recommendations.
Bachelet also made a brief mention of human rights defenders being ‘penalised’ under China’s national security framework, but did not include any individual case of detained defenders, despite extended monitoring by UN working groups and special rapporteurs. She raised ‘Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location’ (RSDL) as a form of arbitrary detention, whereas UN experts have reiterated that it is also a form of enforced disappearance.
Bachelet fell short even of the work done by the UN's very own independent experts and committees in documenting both the scope and the gravity of rights violations across the country.Raphael Viana David, ISHR's Acting Asia Programme Manager
In June 2020, over 50 Special Procedures experts called for ‘decisive measures to protect fundamental freedoms in China’, including the establishment by the Human Rights Council of ‘an impartial and independent United Nations mechanism to closely monitor, analyse and report annually on the human rights situation in China.’ They reiterated grave concern at a range of issues including the ‘collective repression of the population, especially in Xinjiang and Tibet, the detention of lawyers and prosecution and disappearances of human rights defenders across the country.’
Bachelet cites as her visit’s achievement the establishment of an ‘annual strategic meeting’ between her Office and China’s government, as well as a ‘working group to facilitate substantive exchanges and cooperation’. She did not indicate whether these exchanges would be public, nor when and what format they would take.
Rights groups have been pointing for years to the ineffectiveness of Western governments' bilateral human rights dialogues with China: a PR exercise for the Chinese government, with no concrete results for victims, nor public reporting to hold authorities to account. Despite repeated warnings, Bachelet is about to commit the same mistake.Raphael Viana David, ISHR's Acting Asia Programme Manager
Unlike the 2000s, Xi Jinping's China is not one where limited space exists for dialogue on human rights. As NGOs, our experience working on China tells us that closed-door dialogue does not work: speaking out is not a matter only of principle, it is the only leverage for human rights change in China we have. Regrettably, the High Commissioner does not appear to be interested.Raphael Viana David, ISHR's Acting Asia Programme Manager
In her press conference, Bachelet discoursed extensively on gun violence in the United States in response to Chinese State media, but provided only succinct responses to questions on her assessment of rights violations in the Uyghur region.
The Human Rights Council, the UN’s top human rights decision-making body, has been marked by increasingly polarised debates on China’s rights crisis, described by Beijing as Western ‘interference in China’s affairs.’ Over 40 governments have been calling out China’s rights abuses over the past years, to which China has responded by mobilising diplomatic allies to rebuke criticism.
This was not only a test for her, but for the credibility of the UN's human rights office, and she failed. Her visit will have a lasting impact on the prospects for an impartial, multilateral response to China's human rights crisis. This will only bolster Beijing's entrenched sense of impunity.Raphael Viana David, ISHR's Acting Asia Programme Manager
As Bachelet is still the one holding off on publication of a UN report on the Uyghur region, the contrast with all other national crises she's addressed throughout her mandate could not be starker. The one thing she should do now is to immediately publish her report with strong recommendations to China, and a call for action to the international community.Raphael Viana David, ISHR's Acting Asia Programme Manager
ISHR calls on the High Commissioner to:
ISHR also calls on the Chinese government to follow suit on promises for subsequent visits by the OHCHR by granting prompt unfettered access to Hong Kong and the Tibetan region.
[1] Special Procedures communications CHN 13/2018; CHN 21/2018; CHN 18/2019; CHN 14/2020; CHN 18/2020; CHN 21/2020; CHN 4/2021; CHN 5/2021, and press release from 29 March 2021.
[2] CERD, Concluding Observations (2018) and Follow-up Letter (2020). CESCR List of Issues (2021). CEDAW List of Issues (2021).
A newly-released confidential letter by a UN Special Rapporteur documents the disbarment of human rights lawyers in China and the tightening ideological control over lawyers and law firms. The UN expert denounces disappearances, closed-door trials, harassment of relatives, travel bans, and other abuses targeting human rights lawyers.
On Tuesday 16 April 2024, ISHR delivered to both Geneva’s Administrative Council and its legislative counterpart, the Municipal Council, physical copies of the more than 1000 signatures collected in support of a memorial honouring Chinese human rights defender Cao Shunli.
The 79th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights will be held in Banjul, The Gambia, from 14 May to 3 June 2024. The session will be preceded by the NGO Forum, which will be held in hybrid format from the 11-13 May 2024.
